5,803 research outputs found
Stratification and enumeration of Boolean functions by canalizing depth
Boolean network models have gained popularity in computational systems
biology over the last dozen years. Many of these networks use canalizing
Boolean functions, which has led to increased interest in the study of these
functions. The canalizing depth of a function describes how many canalizing
variables can be recursively picked off, until a non-canalizing function
remains. In this paper, we show how every Boolean function has a unique
algebraic form involving extended monomial layers and a well-defined core
polynomial. This generalizes recent work on the algebraic structure of nested
canalizing functions, and it yields a stratification of all Boolean functions
by their canalizing depth. As a result, we obtain closed formulas for the
number of n-variable Boolean functions with depth k, which simultaneously
generalizes enumeration formulas for canalizing, and nested canalizing
functions
EFFICIENCY OF FOREST COMMODITY FUTURES MARKETS
Market efficiency and unbiasedness tests are performed for the first time for three forest commodity futures markets: softwood lumber, oriented strand board (OSB), and northern bleached softwood kraft pulp (NBSK). The Johansen cointegration procedure is applied to test long-term market efficiency, while the standard error correction models (ECM) and ECM with GQARCH-in-mean process are also used to examine short-term market efficiency and unbiasedness. Results show that these markets are inefficient and biased in both the long-term and short-term. Results also indicate that no short-term time-varying risk premiums are found in these commodity futures markets.Marketing,
Divergence in credit ratings
During the recent credit crisis credit rating agencies (CRAs) became increas-
ingly lax in their rating of structured products, yet increasingly stringent
in their rating of corporate bonds. We examine a model in which a CRA
operates in both the market for structured products and for corporate debt,
and shares a common reputation across the two markets. We find that, as a
CRA s reputation becomes good enough, it can be optimal for it to infl ate its
ratings with probability one in the structured products market, but in flate
its ratings with a probability zero in the corporate bond market
Exceptional and Anisotropic Transport Properties of Photocarriers in Black Phosphorus
We show that black phosphorus has room-temperature charge mobilities on the
order of 10 cmVs, which are about one order of magnitude
larger than silicon. We also demonstrate strong anisotropic transport in black
phosphorus, where the mobilities along the armchair direction are about one
order of magnitude larger than zigzag direction. A photocarrier lifetime as
long as 100 ps is also determined. These results illustrate that black
phosphorus is a promising candidate for future electronic and optoelectronic
applications.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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